Mahatma Gandhi · Politics

Swaraj: Self-Rule and the Critique of Modern Civilization

For Gandhi, <em>swaraj</em> meant far more than expelling the British - it meant self-rule in the deepest sense, mastery over oneself, and a radical critique of the entire machine-driven, profit-driven civilization he believed was enslaving humanity.

What you'll be able to recall

You learned that swaraj means self-rule in two senses at once. Explain in your own words the difference between political independence and the deeper self-rule Gandhi was after.

Leads to John Ruskin.

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