Blaise Pascal · Mathematics

The Birth of Probability

How a gambler&rsquo;s puzzle - the &lsquo;problem of points&rsquo; - drew Pascal and Fermat into the 1654 correspondence that founded probability theory, and gave the world its first rigorous grip on chance through the idea of mathematical <em>expectation</em>.

What you'll be able to recall

You learned that the &lsquo;problem of points&rsquo; asks how to split the pot of an unfinished game, and that Pascal and Fermat answered it in 1654 by reasoning about each player&rsquo;s future chances, inventing the concept of mathematical expectation . Explain the puzzle and their solution in your own words.

Leads to Pierre de Fermat.

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