Seneca · Philosophy

On Fortune and Adversity

Seneca’s teaching that no external can harm the wise - that fortune can take everything but virtue, and that hardship is not punishment but training.

What you'll be able to recall

You learned Seneca’s claim that fortune controls externals but not the self, so the wise are invulnerable. Epictetus made this the very axis of philosophy with his ‘dichotomy of control.’ State how Epictetus frames the same insight.

Leads to Epictetus.

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