Chrysippus · Philosophy

Virtue, Providence, and the Whole

Why Chrysippus held that the virtues are one, evil is necessary, and the cosmos is god.

What you'll be able to recall

Chrysippus taught the unity of the virtues (to have one fully is to have all), the inseparability of opposites (good cannot exist without evil), and a providential pantheism: the cosmos is a single living rational being, identical with god, whose providence orders the whole - even apparent evils serving the good of th…

Leads to Heraclitus.

Begin this lesson →
← All lessons on Chrysippus

epoché — a humanities education that remembers you.