Émilie du Châtelet · Science

Energy: Why Force Goes as the Square

Du Châtelet&rsquo;s championing of <em>vis viva</em> (living force, mass times velocity squared) against the Newtonians&rsquo; momentum (mass times velocity): the 's Gravesande clay-ball experiments, her argument in the <em>Institutions</em>, and the long road from mv&sup2; to kinetic energy and the square in <em>E = mc&sup2;</em>.

What you'll be able to recall

You learned that du Châtelet defended Leibniz&rsquo;s vis viva (mv&sup2;) against the Cartesian and Newtonian measure of force (mv), using 's Gravesande&rsquo;s clay-ball experiments, and that mv&sup2; is the ancestor of kinetic energy. Explain the experiment and why the depth of the dent grows as the square of the sp…

Leads to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

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