Science

Émilie du Châtelet

1706 to 1749, Paris, France

The Newton of France - who translated the <em>Principia</em>, defended energy as mv&sup2;, glimpsed the infrared, and argued that physics needs philosophy and that the life of the mind should belong to women too.

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Lessons

The Newton of France

Émilie du Châtelet&rsquo;s translation of and commentary on Newton&rsquo;s Principia - still the standard French version - and what it means to translate a physics, not merely a text: to re-derive its mathematics in a n…

Energy: Why Force Goes as the Square

Du Châtelet&rsquo;s championing of vis viva (living force, mass times velocity squared) against the Newtonians&rsquo; momentum (mass times velocity): the 's Gravesande clay-ball experiments, her argument in the Institut…

The Institutions de Physique: Physics Needs Philosophy

Du Châtelet&rsquo;s Institutions de physique (1740) - written to teach her son, and in truth an original attempt to give Newtonian mechanics the metaphysical foundation Newton refused: Leibniz&rsquo;s principle of suffi…

The Nature of Fire

Du Châtelet&rsquo;s 1737 essay for the Academy of Sciences prize on the nature of fire: written in secret, entered against Voltaire&rsquo;s own entry, arguing that heat and light are distinct effects and anticipating wh…

The Happiness of the Mind

Du Châtelet&rsquo;s Discourse on Happiness : her defence of the love of study as the passion that most makes us happy and, for a woman shut out of every public career, the one road to freedom and dignity of mind - and h…

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