Mathematics

Hypatia of Alexandria

c. 355 to 415 CE, Alexandria, Roman Egypt

The mathematician who left no book of her own, yet kept Greek science alive - editing Ptolemy and Diophantus, teaching pagans and Christians alike, and dying a symbol of reason.

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Lessons

Keeper of a Dying Tradition

Who Hypatia really was - head of the Neoplatonist school of Alexandria, teacher of pagans and Christians alike - and why a mathematician who left no surviving writings could still be one of the great figures in the hist…

Editing Ptolemy: Saving the Sky

Hypatia’s hand in the greatest astronomical work of antiquity - Ptolemy’s Almagest and the Handy Tables - and what a ‘commentary’ or ‘critical edition’ truly meant: preserving, correc…

Diophantus and the Birth of Algebra

Hypatia’s commentary on the Arithmetica of Diophantus - what a ‘Diophantine problem’ is (whole-number and fractional solutions to equations), the first stirrings of symbolic algebra, and how the editio…

Brass and Water: The Instruments

Mathematics made into metal and water - the astrolabe and the hydrometer - seen through the letters of Hypatia’s student Synesius, who asked her help in building them. Applied science in her circle, and the only c…

The Murder and the Myth

The honest history of 415 CE - the power struggle between the prefect Orestes and the bishop Cyril, the Lenten mob, the killing recorded by Socrates Scholasticus - and then the fifteen centuries in which Hypatia became…

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