Philosophy

Ralph Waldo Emerson

1803 to 1882, Boston, USA

Self-reliance, the Over-Soul, and the moral law of compensation - the Transcendentalist who taught that the individual soul is divine and must trust itself.

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Lessons

Self-Reliance: Trust Thyself

Emerson’s central summons - that each person carries a divine spark and must trust it against the pressure of the crowd. Genius, virtue, and originality begin the moment you dare to obey your own mind rather than…

The Over-Soul: The One Within the Many

Emerson’s vision of the one universal soul - the Over-Soul - present and whole within every person. Beneath our separate, divided lives runs a single divine consciousness, so that to look deeply into any individua…

Nature: The Symbol of Spirit

Emerson’s first book and founding manifesto - that nature is not dead matter but the visible language of spirit, that every natural fact answers to a spiritual fact, and that in solitude under the open sky the sel…

Compensation: The Moral Law of Balance

Emerson’s doctrine that a law of justice is woven into the very structure of the universe - that every act rewards or punishes itself, that nothing can be gained without a corresponding loss, and that the moral or…

The American Scholar: Man Thinking

Emerson’s 1837 call for American intellectual independence - the vision of the true scholar as ‘Man Thinking’ rather than a bookworm parroting the past, educated by nature, books, and action, and charg…

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