Politics

Thomas Hobbes

1588 to 1679, England

The Leviathan and the case for absolute sovereignty.

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Lessons

The War of All Against All

Hobbes’s thought experiment: strip away government entirely, and human life becomes a terror of every man against every man.

The Social Contract

Hobbes’s solution to the war of all against all: a covenant in which everyone surrenders their natural freedom to a common power, in exchange for peace.

The Mortal God

Why Hobbes insisted the sovereign’s power must be absolute and undivided - a Leviathan strong enough that no one dares break the peace.

The Right You Cannot Surrender

At the root of Hobbes’s whole system lies one inalienable right - to defend your own life - which even the absolute sovereign cannot take away.

Matter in Motion

Hobbes’s radical foundation: that everything - bodies, thoughts, desires, the state itself - is just matter in motion, to be studied with the rigour of geometry.

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