Economics

John Maynard Keynes

1883 to 1946, Cambridge

Demand, depression, and the role of the state.

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Lessons

When Demand Fails

Keynes’s revolution: that economies can get stuck in slumps not because they cannot produce, but because there is not enough spending to buy what they produce.

The Paradox of Thrift

Keynes’s unsettling discovery that saving - the great private virtue - can become a public vice, and that one person’s spending is another’s job.

The Government as Spender

Keynes’s prescription that when private demand collapses, the government should spend to fill the gap - even on seemingly wasteful projects - to restart the economy.

Animal Spirits

Keynes’s insight that economic life is ruled not by cool calculation but by psychology, confidence, and herd instinct in the face of an unknowable future.

The Keynesian Century

How Keynes’s ideas remade economic policy, were overthrown by the crises of the 1970s, and came roaring back in the crash of 2008 - a verdict still unsettled.

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