Economics

Karl Marx

1818 to 1883, Germany and London

Capital, class, and the engine of history.

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Lessons

The Engine of History

Marx’s claim that history is driven not by ideas or great men but by economics - by how a society produces the material things it needs to live.

The History of Class Struggle

Marx’s claim that all of history is a story of conflict between economic classes - and that capitalism has boiled it down to two: owners and workers.

Alienated Labour

The young Marx’s haunting analysis of how work under capitalism estranges human beings from their products, their activity, their nature, and each other.

Where Profit Comes From

Marx’s theory that the profit of capitalism is squeezed from the unpaid labour of workers - the hidden mechanism he called surplus value and exploitation.

The Fall of Capitalism

Marx’s prophecy that capitalism, wracked by its own contradictions, would inevitably collapse and give way to communism - and the verdict history has returned on it.

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