Economics

David Ricardo

1772 to 1823, London

Comparative advantage and the logic of trade.

Start learning David →

Lessons

Comparative Advantage

Ricardo’s beautiful and counter-intuitive proof that two countries both gain from trade even when one is better at producing everything.

The Theory of Rent

Ricardo’s explanation of why landlords grow rich without lifting a finger - and why the price of corn determines rent, not the other way around.

Who Gets What

Ricardo made the central question of economics not how wealth is produced but how it is divided - among landlords, capitalists, and workers locked in conflict.

The Labour Theory of Value

Ricardo’s attempt to ground the value of goods in the labour required to produce them - a theory he never fully solved, and that Marx would inherit.

The Machinery Question

Ricardo’s startling change of mind - admitting that machines, the engines of progress, can throw workers out of jobs and hurt the labouring class.

More in Economics

Adam SmithKarl MarxJohn Maynard KeynesFriedrich Hayek

epoché — a humanities education that remembers you.