Politics

B. R. Ambedkar

1891 to 1956, Mhow and Delhi, India

The economist who measured a currency, the sociologist who cracked open caste, and the constitution-maker who bound justice to the rights of the most despised.

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Lessons

The Problem of the Rupee: Money and the People

Before he was a constitution-maker, Ambedkar was one of the world’s sharpest monetary economists. In The Problem of the Rupee (1923) he argued that the true test of a currency is not its exchange rate but its purchasing…

Castes in India: The Mechanism of an Enclosed Class

In a 1916 paper written as a graduate student at Columbia, the young Ambedkar cracked open the machinery of caste. Its essence, he argued, is not occupation or race but endogamy - a class that has closed itself by forbi…

The Poona Pact: Who Speaks for the Voiceless?

In 1932 Ambedkar won separate electorates for the Depressed Classes - the right to elect their own representatives - only to see Gandhi threaten to fast to death against it. Their clash was a profound argument about wha…

The Hindu Code Bill: Reforming the Family

As independent India’s first Law Minister, Ambedkar staked his office on rewriting Hindu personal law to give women rights to property, inheritance, and divorce. When the bill was blocked, he resigned - convinced that a…

Buddha or Karl Marx: Persuasion or Force?

In one of his last essays, Ambedkar staged a confrontation between the Buddha and Karl Marx. They shared, he argued, almost the same diagnosis of human suffering and the same goal of ending it - but differed decisively…

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