Politics

Chanakya (Kautilya)

c. 350 to 275 BCE (traditional), Pataliputra, Mauryan India

The Arthashastra and the science of statecraft - realpolitik, spycraft, and the paradox that the king’s happiness lies in his subjects’ welfare.

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Lessons

The Science of Statecraft

Kautilya’s Arthashastra - one of the world’s first systematic treatises on government, economics, and war - and its radical claim that artha (material welfare and power) deserves a hard science of its own, t…

The Seven Limbs and the Circle of Kings

Kautilya’s anatomy of the state - the seven prakritis or limbs of sovereignty (king, minister, country, fort, treasury, army, ally) - and his cold geometry of foreign relations, the mandala or ‘circle of kin…

The Four Expedients and the Sixfold Policy

Kautilya’s toolkit of statecraft: the four upayas or expedients (conciliation, gifts, dissension, force) and the shadgunya or sixfold policy (peace, war, neutrality, marching, alliance, and double-dealing) - forei…

Spies, Surveillance, and the Machinery of the State

The Arthashastra ’s vision of the state as an all-seeing administrative apparatus - a vast intelligence network, an army of superintendents regulating trade, taxation, and agriculture, and, taught with unnerving c…

The Welfare of the People and the Discipline of the King

The other face of the Arthashastra : the doctrine that in the happiness of his subjects lies the king’s own happiness, the punishing daily schedule of the ideal ruler, and the conquest of the senses - self-mastery…

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